:root {
  --cmu-red: #c41230;
  --black: #000;
  --near-black: #0d0d0e;
  --graphite: #171719;
  --graphite-2: #222225;
  --iron: #6d6e71;
  --steel: #e0e0e0;
  --paper: #f5f4f1;
  --white: #fff;
  --teal: #48b6a7;
  --shell: min(1420px, calc(100vw - 64px));
  --sans: "Open Sans", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif;
  --serif: "Source Serif 4", "Source Serif Pro", Georgia, serif;
  --ease: cubic-bezier(.2,.75,.2,1);
}
* { box-sizing: border-box; }
html { scroll-behavior: smooth; }
body { margin: 0; background: var(--paper); color: var(--near-black); font-family: var(--sans); -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; }
a { color: inherit; text-decoration: none; }
button { font: inherit; }
.shell { width: var(--shell); margin: 0 auto; }
.skip-link { position: fixed; left: 16px; top: -100px; z-index: 9999; background: white; color: black; padding: 12px 16px; }
.skip-link:focus { top: 16px; }

.institutional-bar { background: #000; color: #fff; min-height: 42px; display: flex; align-items: center; font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: .02em; }
.institutional-inner { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; }
.cmu-wordmark { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 12px; font-weight: 700; }
.cmu-mark { background: var(--cmu-red); padding: 6px 8px; font-weight: 800; letter-spacing: -.03em; }
.utility-links { display: flex; gap: 24px; color: #c7c7c7; }
.utility-links a:hover { color: white; }

.site-header { position: sticky; top: 0; z-index: 200; background: rgba(255,255,255,.96); border-bottom: 1px solid #d7d7d7; backdrop-filter: blur(12px); }
.nav-wrap { min-height: 76px; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: space-between; gap: 28px; }
.group-brand { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 11px; font-size: 18px; white-space: nowrap; letter-spacing: -.025em; }
.brand-rule { height: 30px; width: 5px; background: var(--cmu-red); display: inline-block; }
.site-header nav { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: clamp(15px, 1.6vw, 27px); font-size: 13px; font-weight: 700; }
.site-header nav a { padding: 28px 0 25px; border-bottom: 3px solid transparent; }
.site-header nav a:hover { border-color: var(--cmu-red); }
.site-header nav .nav-cta { background: var(--cmu-red); color: white; padding: 13px 16px; border: 0; }
.mobile-nav-toggle { display: none; }

.hero { position: relative; min-height: 790px; background: #080809; color: white; overflow: hidden; isolation: isolate; }
.hero-grid-bg { position: absolute; inset: 0; z-index: -3; opacity: .19; background-image: linear-gradient(rgba(255,255,255,.075) 1px, transparent 1px), linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(255,255,255,.075) 1px, transparent 1px); background-size: 72px 72px; mask-image: linear-gradient(90deg, transparent 0, #000 38%, #000 100%); }
#heroCanvas { position: absolute; inset: 0; width: 100%; height: 100%; z-index: -2; opacity: .55; }
.hero::after { content:""; position:absolute; inset:0; z-index:-1; background: linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(8,8,9,.98) 0%, rgba(8,8,9,.90) 45%, rgba(8,8,9,.38) 73%, rgba(8,8,9,.78) 100%); }
.hero-layout { min-height: 740px; display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1.17fr .83fr; gap: 70px; align-items: center; padding: 74px 0 72px; }
.eyebrow, .section-kicker { margin: 0 0 18px; text-transform: uppercase; font-size: 11px; font-weight: 800; letter-spacing: .16em; color: var(--cmu-red); }
.section-kicker.light { color: #ff6078; }
.hero h1 { margin: 0; font-size: clamp(68px, 6.7vw, 110px); letter-spacing: -.068em; line-height: .85; text-transform: uppercase; max-width: 820px; }
.hero h1 span { color: #a8a8aa; font-weight: 400; }
.hero-thesis { font-family: var(--serif); margin: 34px 0 16px; font-size: clamp(27px, 2.1vw, 38px); line-height: 1.13; letter-spacing: -.03em; max-width: 790px; }
.hero-thesis strong { font-weight: 700; }
.hero-deck { color: #c8c8c8; font-size: 17px; line-height: 1.65; max-width: 750px; margin: 0; }
.hero-actions { display: flex; gap: 12px; margin-top: 34px; flex-wrap: wrap; }
.btn { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; min-height: 48px; padding: 0 20px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: 800; letter-spacing: .01em; transition: transform .2s var(--ease), background .2s; }
.btn:hover { transform: translateY(-2px); }
.btn-primary { background: var(--cmu-red); color: white; }
.btn-primary span { margin-left: 16px; font-size: 18px; }
.btn-secondary { border: 1px solid #555; color: white; background: rgba(255,255,255,.03); }
.btn-white { background: white; color: black; }
.hero-metrics { display: flex; gap: 0; margin-top: 48px; border-top: 1px solid #343436; width: min(740px, 100%); }
.hero-metrics div { padding: 18px 32px 0 0; margin-right: 32px; border-right: 1px solid #343436; display: grid; }
.hero-metrics div:last-child { border-right: 0; }
.hero-metrics strong { font-size: 16px; color: white; }
.hero-metrics span { font-size: 11px; color: #7f7f83; margin-top: 4px; text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: .06em; }

.hero-system { justify-self: end; width: min(520px, 100%); border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.17); background: rgba(15,15,17,.62); backdrop-filter: blur(7px); }
.system-label { height: 42px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.14); display: flex; align-items: center; padding: 0 16px; font-size: 10px; text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: .16em; color: #8d8d91; }
.system-core { height: 430px; position: relative; display: grid; place-items: center; overflow: hidden; }
.system-core::before, .system-core::after { content:""; position:absolute; background: rgba(255,255,255,.11); }
.system-core::before { width: 1px; height: 82%; }
.system-core::after { height: 1px; width: 82%; }
.core-center { position: relative; z-index: 4; width: 80px; height: 80px; border-radius: 50%; display:grid; place-items:center; border: 1px solid var(--cmu-red); background: rgba(196,18,48,.15); font-size: 23px; font-weight: 800; }
.core-pulse { position:absolute; width: 150px; height:150px; border-radius:50%; background:radial-gradient(circle, rgba(196,18,48,.2), transparent 66%); animation: pulse 3.1s infinite ease-in-out; }
.core-ring { position:absolute; border-radius:50%; border:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.14); }
.ring-1 { width:245px; height:245px; }
.ring-2 { width:370px; height:370px; border-style:dashed; animation: spin 28s linear infinite; }
.orbit { position:absolute; border:1px solid #444; background:#111114; color:#bcbcc0; padding:7px 10px; font-size:10px; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:.09em; z-index:5; }
.o1{top:67px;left:188px}.o2{top:136px;right:44px}.o3{bottom:105px;right:45px}.o4{bottom:58px;left:205px}.o5{bottom:136px;left:45px}.o6{top:142px;left:35px}
.system-footer { border-top:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.14); min-height:50px; display:flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; gap:10px; font-size:9px; letter-spacing:.13em; color:#727277; }
.system-footer i { width:18px; height:1px; background:#3d3d40; }
.hero-scroll { position:absolute; bottom:16px; left:50%; transform:translateX(-50%); display:flex; align-items:center; gap:10px; color:#717177; text-transform:uppercase; font-size:9px; letter-spacing:.14em; }
.hero-scroll span { width:42px; height:1px; background:var(--cmu-red); }
@keyframes pulse { 0%,100%{transform:scale(.85);opacity:.55}50%{transform:scale(1.15);opacity:1} }
@keyframes spin { to{transform:rotate(360deg)} }

.thesis-section { padding: 120px 0 92px; background: var(--paper); }
.split-intro { display:grid; grid-template-columns: .95fr 1.05fr; gap: 110px; align-items:start; }
.split-intro h2, .section-heading-row h2, .education-copy h2, .translation-title-row h2, .energy-layout h2, .evidence-intro h2, .collaboration-layout h2 { margin:0; font-family:var(--serif); font-size:clamp(43px,4vw,67px); line-height:.99; letter-spacing:-.045em; font-weight:650; }
.intro-copy { font-size:18px; line-height:1.75; color:#404044; padding-top:20px; }
.intro-copy p:first-child { margin-top:0; }
.research-domains { display:grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(5,1fr); margin-top:70px; border-top:1px solid #bfc0c1; border-bottom:1px solid #bfc0c1; }
.domain-card { appearance:none; cursor:pointer; text-align:left; min-height:270px; border:0; border-right:1px solid #bfc0c1; background:transparent; padding:20px 19px 24px; display:flex; flex-direction:column; transition:background .22s var(--ease), color .22s; }
.domain-card:first-child { border-left:1px solid #bfc0c1; }
.domain-card:hover, .domain-card.active { background:var(--near-black); color:white; }
.domain-card.active .domain-index, .domain-card:hover .domain-index { color:#ff526f; }
.domain-index { color:var(--cmu-red); font-size:11px; font-weight:800; letter-spacing:.12em; }
.domain-name { margin-top:auto; font-family:var(--serif); font-size:22px; line-height:1.1; font-weight:700; }
.domain-desc { color:#717277; font-size:11px; line-height:1.55; margin-top:15px; }
.domain-card:hover .domain-desc, .domain-card.active .domain-desc { color:#a6a6aa; }
.domain-detail { min-height:235px; background:white; border-bottom:5px solid var(--cmu-red); padding:38px 42px; display:grid; grid-template-columns:1.3fr .7fr; gap:70px; }
.detail-label { text-transform:uppercase; font-weight:800; font-size:10px; letter-spacing:.13em; color:var(--iron); }
.domain-detail h3 { margin:12px 0 0; font-family:var(--serif); font-size:clamp(26px,2.4vw,39px); line-height:1.12; letter-spacing:-.025em; }
.detail-meta { display:grid; align-content:center; gap:23px; }
.detail-meta div { display:grid; gap:6px; }
.detail-meta span { font-size:9px; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:.14em; color:var(--iron); font-weight:800; }
.detail-meta strong { font-size:13px; line-height:1.45; }

.continuum-section { background:#0e0e10; color:white; padding:110px 0 120px; }
.section-heading-row { display:grid; grid-template-columns:1.15fr .85fr; gap:100px; align-items:end; margin-bottom:60px; }
.section-heading-row > p { margin:0 0 5px; color:#99999f; font-size:17px; line-height:1.7; max-width:600px; }
.continuum-wrap { border-top:1px solid #343438; padding-top:18px; }
.continuum-axis { color:#848489; font-size:9px; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:.09em; }
.top-axis { margin-left:164px; display:grid; grid-template-columns:repeat(6,1fr); text-align:center; padding:0 0 10px; }
.continuum-main { display:grid; grid-template-columns:164px 1fr; }
.side-axis { display:grid; grid-template-rows:repeat(6,64px); align-items:center; padding-right:20px; }
.continuum-grid { display:grid; grid-template-columns:repeat(6,1fr); grid-template-rows:repeat(6,64px); border-top:1px solid #2f2f33; border-left:1px solid #2f2f33; }
.cont-cell { border-right:1px solid #2f2f33; border-bottom:1px solid #2f2f33; background:rgba(255,255,255,.018); cursor:pointer; position:relative; transition:background .18s, transform .18s; outline:0; }
.cont-cell::before { content:""; position:absolute; width:5px; height:5px; background:#46464b; top:50%; left:50%; transform:translate(-50%,-50%); border-radius:50%; }
.cont-cell:hover, .cont-cell:focus, .cont-cell.active { background:rgba(196,18,48,.25); box-shadow:inset 0 0 0 1px var(--cmu-red); z-index:2; }
.cont-cell:hover::before, .cont-cell:focus::before, .cont-cell.active::before { background:#ff5772; box-shadow:0 0 16px rgba(255,50,90,.8); }
.continuum-readout { min-height:118px; border-bottom:1px solid #343438; border-left:1px solid #343438; border-right:1px solid #343438; display:grid; grid-template-columns: .8fr 1.15fr 1.35fr; gap:35px; align-items:center; padding:21px 26px; }
.continuum-readout span { color:#ff6078; font-size:9px; letter-spacing:.13em; font-weight:800; }
.continuum-readout strong { font-family:var(--serif); font-size:22px; }
.continuum-readout p { margin:0; color:#8f8f95; font-size:12px; line-height:1.6; }

.projects-section { padding:110px 0 120px; background:white; }
.section-heading-row.dark-text > p { color:#55565a; }
.project-grid { display:grid; grid-template-columns:1.25fr .75fr; grid-template-rows:auto auto; gap:20px; }
.project-card { border:1px solid #d1d1d1; background:#fafafa; min-height:360px; display:grid; grid-template-rows:180px 1fr; overflow:hidden; transition:transform .25s var(--ease), box-shadow .25s; }
.project-card:hover { transform:translateY(-4px); box-shadow:0 20px 50px rgba(0,0,0,.08); }
.project-large { grid-row:1 / span 2; grid-template-rows:390px 1fr; }
.project-visual, .mini-visual { background:#111113; position:relative; overflow:hidden; }
.project-copy { padding:27px 28px 30px; }
.project-tags { display:flex; gap:7px; flex-wrap:wrap; margin-bottom:16px; }
.project-tags span { font-size:8px; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:.1em; border:1px solid #bbb; padding:5px 7px; font-weight:800; }
.project-copy h3 { font-family:var(--serif); font-size:30px; line-height:1.04; margin:0 0 15px; letter-spacing:-.035em; }
.project-large .project-copy h3 { font-size:42px; }
.project-copy p { color:#525256; font-size:14px; line-height:1.7; }
.project-copy a { color:var(--cmu-red); font-size:12px; font-weight:800; display:inline-block; margin-top:12px; }
.project-meta { border-top:1px solid #ddd; border-bottom:1px solid #ddd; display:grid; grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr; margin-top:25px; }
.project-meta span { padding:13px 0; font-size:10px; color:#666; }
.project-meta span:first-child { border-right:1px solid #ddd; }
.project-meta b { display:block; color:#111; margin-bottom:4px; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:.08em; font-size:8px; }
.corridor-visual { background-image:linear-gradient(rgba(255,255,255,.06) 1px,transparent 1px),linear-gradient(90deg,rgba(255,255,255,.06) 1px,transparent 1px);background-size:44px 44px; }
.corridor-line { position:absolute; left:8%; right:8%; height:2px; background:#4d4d51; top:55%; }
.station { position:absolute; top:49%; transform:translateY(-50%); font-size:8px; letter-spacing:.08em; color:#828287; border:1px solid #424247; background:#171719; padding:24px 10px 7px; }
.s1{left:8%}.s2{left:32%}.s3{left:54%}.s4{right:8%}
.station::before { content:""; position:absolute; top:7px; left:10px; width:12px; height:6px; background:var(--cmu-red); }
.slab { position:absolute; left:9%; top:60%; width:90px; height:10px; background:linear-gradient(90deg,#54101b,#df233f,#8b1829); box-shadow:0 0 26px rgba(196,18,48,.65); animation:slabmove 7s infinite var(--ease); }
@keyframes slabmove { 0%{left:9%} 48%{left:75%} 52%{left:75%} 100%{left:9%} }
.ai-visual { background:radial-gradient(circle at 70% 40%,rgba(196,18,48,.2),transparent 40%),#111113; }
.ai-visual span { position:absolute;width:9px;height:9px;border:1px solid #ff6179;border-radius:50%; }
.ai-visual span:nth-child(1){left:20%;top:36%}.ai-visual span:nth-child(2){left:42%;top:62%}.ai-visual span:nth-child(3){left:63%;top:27%}.ai-visual span:nth-child(4){left:78%;top:65%}
.ai-visual i { position:absolute;height:1px;background:#4d4d53;transform-origin:left center; }
.ai-visual i:nth-of-type(1){left:21%;top:38%;width:115px;transform:rotate(18deg)}.ai-visual i:nth-of-type(2){left:43%;top:62%;width:108px;transform:rotate(-39deg)}.ai-visual i:nth-of-type(3){left:64%;top:29%;width:85px;transform:rotate(43deg)}
.knowledge-visual svg { position:absolute; inset:0; width:100%; height:100%; }
.knowledge-visual path { fill:none; stroke:#44444a; stroke-width:1; }
.knowledge-visual .node { position:absolute;width:8px;height:8px;border-radius:50%;background:#ce2843;z-index:2;box-shadow:0 0 12px rgba(196,18,48,.7) }
.n1{left:13%;top:59%}.n2{left:37%;top:30%}.n3{left:54%;top:63%}.n4{left:72%;top:35%}.n5{left:88%;top:22%}

.education-section { background:var(--cmu-red); color:white; padding:105px 0; }
.education-layout { display:grid; grid-template-columns:1.12fr .88fr; gap:90px; align-items:center; }
.education-copy h2 { font-size:clamp(45px,4.4vw,72px); }
.education-copy > p:not(.section-kicker) { color:#ffd8df; line-height:1.7; font-size:17px; max-width:780px; }
.learning-path { display:flex; flex-wrap:wrap; gap:8px 11px; align-items:center; margin:28px 0 32px; max-width:840px; }
.learning-path span { background:rgba(0,0,0,.16); border:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.24); padding:8px 10px; font-size:10px; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:.08em; font-weight:800; }
.learning-path i { font-style:normal; opacity:.65; }
.course-actions { display:flex; align-items:center; gap:24px; flex-wrap:wrap; }
.text-link-white { border-bottom:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.55); font-size:12px; font-weight:700; }
.education-stack { border:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.4); background:#a40e28; box-shadow:28px 28px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.09); }
.stack-header { padding:17px 20px; border-bottom:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.22); display:flex; justify-content:space-between; align-items:end; }
.stack-header span { font-family:var(--serif); font-size:21px; font-weight:700; }
.stack-header small { color:#f3aeb9; }
.stack-layer { padding:20px; border-bottom:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.18); display:grid; grid-template-columns:130px 1fr; gap:20px; }
.stack-layer span { color:#f7a8b5; font-size:9px; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:.12em; font-weight:800; }
.stack-layer strong { font-size:13px; }
.stack-footer { padding:15px 20px; text-align:right; font-size:9px; letter-spacing:.15em; }

.translation-section { padding:110px 0; background:#f0efec; }
.translation-title-row { display:grid; grid-template-columns:1.1fr .9fr; gap:90px; align-items:end; }
.translation-title-row p { font-size:17px; line-height:1.7; color:#55565a; }
.translation-flow { display:grid; grid-template-columns:1fr auto 1fr auto 1fr auto 1fr auto 1fr; align-items:stretch; margin-top:65px; border-top:1px solid #c6c6c7; border-bottom:1px solid #c6c6c7; }
.translation-flow > div { padding:24px 10px 28px; display:grid; min-height:155px; }
.translation-flow > i { align-self:center; font-style:normal; color:var(--cmu-red); font-size:24px; }
.translation-flow span { color:var(--cmu-red); font-weight:800; font-size:10px; }
.translation-flow strong { align-self:end; font-family:var(--serif); font-size:19px; }
.translation-flow small { color:#737378; margin-top:6px; }

.energy-section { padding:105px 0; background:white; }
.energy-layout { display:grid; grid-template-columns:130px 1.05fr .95fr; gap:60px; align-items:start; }
.energy-number { width:105px; height:105px; background:var(--near-black); color:var(--teal); display:grid; place-items:center; font-family:var(--serif); font-size:62px; font-weight:700; }
.energy-copy { padding-top:30px; color:#55565a; font-size:16px; line-height:1.75; }
.energy-copy p:first-child { margin-top:0; }
.energy-copy a { color:#168a7a; font-weight:800; font-size:12px; }

.evidence-section { padding:110px 0; background:#e9e8e4; }
.evidence-grid { display:grid; grid-template-columns:.8fr 1.2fr; gap:100px; }
.evidence-intro h2 { font-size:52px; }
.evidence-intro > p:not(.section-kicker) { color:#55565a; line-height:1.65; }
.text-link { color:var(--cmu-red); font-weight:800; font-size:12px; }
.publication-list { border-top:1px solid #b9b9ba; }
.publication-list > * { display:grid; grid-template-columns:150px 1fr 170px; gap:24px; padding:25px 8px; border-bottom:1px solid #b9b9ba; align-items:center; transition:background .2s; }
.publication-list > *:hover { background:rgba(255,255,255,.5); }
.publication-list span, .publication-list small { font-size:9px; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:.08em; color:#77787c; }
.publication-list strong { font-family:var(--serif); font-size:20px; line-height:1.25; }

.collaboration-section { background:#111113; color:white; padding:105px 0; }
.collaboration-layout { display:grid; grid-template-columns:.9fr 1.1fr; gap:100px; }
.collab-paths { border-top:1px solid #343438; }
.collab-paths a { min-height:76px; display:grid; grid-template-columns:130px 1fr 30px; align-items:center; gap:20px; border-bottom:1px solid #343438; transition:background .2s,padding .2s; }
.collab-paths a:hover { background:#19191c; padding-left:12px; }
.collab-paths span { color:#ff6078; font-size:10px; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:.1em; font-weight:800; }
.collab-paths strong { font-size:14px; }
.collab-paths i { font-style:normal; font-size:20px; color:#79797f; }

.footer { background:#000; color:white; padding:52px 0 25px; }
.footer-top { display:grid; grid-template-columns:1.4fr 1fr .5fr; gap:70px; }
.footer-brand, .footer-context { display:grid; gap:8px; }
.footer-brand strong { font-family:var(--serif); font-size:26px; }
.footer-brand span, .footer-context span { color:#8c8c91; font-size:11px; }
.footer-context strong { font-size:12px; }
.footer-links { display:grid; gap:8px; align-content:start; font-size:11px; }
.footer-bottom { border-top:1px solid #2a2a2c; padding-top:20px; margin-top:45px; color:#636367; font-size:9px; display:flex; justify-content:space-between; gap:30px; }

@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
  *, *::before, *::after { animation:none !important; transition:none !important; scroll-behavior:auto !important; }
}

@media (max-width: 1120px) {
  :root { --shell: min(100% - 44px, 1180px); }
  .site-header nav { gap:14px; }
  .site-header nav a { font-size:11px; }
  .hero-layout { grid-template-columns:1fr; }
  .hero-system { display:none; }
  .research-domains { grid-template-columns:repeat(2,1fr); }
  .domain-card { border-bottom:1px solid #bfc0c1; }
  .domain-card:last-child { grid-column:span 2; }
  .top-axis { margin-left:125px; }
  .continuum-main { grid-template-columns:125px 1fr; }
  .project-grid { grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr; }
  .project-large { grid-column:1 / -1; grid-row:auto; }
  .education-layout, .collaboration-layout { grid-template-columns:1fr; }
  .energy-layout { grid-template-columns:100px 1fr; }
  .energy-copy { grid-column:2; }
}
@media (max-width: 860px) {
  :root { --shell: calc(100% - 32px); }
  .institutional-inner { min-height:48px; }
  .utility-links { display:none; }
  .nav-wrap { min-height:64px; }
  .mobile-nav-toggle { display:block; border:1px solid #aaa; background:white; padding:8px 10px; font-weight:700; }
  .site-header nav { position:absolute; top:64px; left:0; right:0; background:white; display:none; padding:10px 16px 20px; border-bottom:1px solid #bbb; }
  .site-header nav.open { display:grid; }
  .site-header nav a { padding:10px 0; }
  .site-header nav .nav-cta { text-align:center; }
  .hero { min-height:auto; }
  .hero-layout { min-height:auto; padding:82px 0 86px; }
  .hero h1 { font-size:clamp(56px,15vw,84px); }
  .hero-thesis { font-size:27px; }
  .hero-metrics { display:grid; grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr); }
  .hero-metrics div { margin-right:10px; padding-right:10px; }
  .split-intro, .section-heading-row, .translation-title-row, .evidence-grid { grid-template-columns:1fr; gap:34px; }
  .research-domains { grid-template-columns:1fr; }
  .domain-card, .domain-card:first-child { border-left:1px solid #bfc0c1; }
  .domain-card:last-child { grid-column:auto; }
  .domain-detail { grid-template-columns:1fr; gap:30px; }
  .continuum-wrap { overflow-x:auto; padding-bottom:10px; }
  .top-axis, .continuum-main, .continuum-readout { min-width:850px; }
  .project-grid { grid-template-columns:1fr; }
  .project-large { grid-column:auto; }
  .education-stack { box-shadow:12px 12px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.08); }
  .translation-flow { grid-template-columns:1fr; border-bottom:0; }
  .translation-flow > div { min-height:105px; border-bottom:1px solid #c6c6c7; }
  .translation-flow > i { display:none; }
  .energy-layout { grid-template-columns:80px 1fr; gap:30px; }
  .energy-number { width:75px;height:75px;font-size:44px; }
  .publication-list > * { grid-template-columns:1fr; gap:7px; }
  .footer-top { grid-template-columns:1fr; gap:30px; }
  .footer-bottom { display:grid; }
}
@media (max-width: 560px) {
  .cmu-wordmark span:last-child { font-size:10px; }
  .group-brand { font-size:15px; }
  .hero h1 { font-size:52px; }
  .hero-deck { font-size:15px; }
  .hero-actions { display:grid; }
  .hero-metrics { grid-template-columns:1fr; }
  .hero-metrics div { border-right:0; border-bottom:1px solid #343436; padding-bottom:10px; }
  .research-domains { margin-top:45px; }
  .domain-card { min-height:205px; }
  .project-large { grid-template-rows:270px 1fr; }
  .project-large .project-copy h3 { font-size:32px; }
  .learning-path i { display:none; }
  .stack-layer { grid-template-columns:1fr; gap:6px; }
  .collab-paths a { grid-template-columns:86px 1fr 18px; }
}

/* === ARG V2 scientific and institutional alignment === */
.status-strip { background:#fff; border-bottom:1px solid #d6d6d6; }
.status-grid { display:grid; grid-template-columns:1.2fr 1fr 1fr; }
.status-grid > div { min-height:150px; padding:26px 26px 24px 0; margin-right:26px; border-right:1px solid #dedede; display:grid; align-content:start; gap:7px; }
.status-grid > div:last-child { border-right:0; margin-right:0; }
.status-grid span { color:var(--cmu-red); text-transform:uppercase; font-size:9px; letter-spacing:.13em; font-weight:800; }
.status-grid strong { font-family:var(--serif); font-size:19px; line-height:1.2; }
.status-grid small { color:#68686c; line-height:1.5; }

.four-intelligence-core .core-center { line-height:.85; text-align:center; font-size:18px; }

.material-process-section { background:#f3f2ef; padding:110px 0; }
.material-process-section .section-heading-row { margin-bottom:52px; }
.mpdt-framework { background:#fff; border-top:5px solid var(--cmu-red); box-shadow:0 16px 50px rgba(0,0,0,.07); }
.pspp-flow { display:grid; grid-template-columns:1fr auto 1fr auto 1fr auto 1fr; align-items:stretch; border-bottom:1px solid #d7d7d7; }
.pspp-flow > div { min-height:165px; padding:24px; display:grid; align-content:space-between; gap:9px; }
.pspp-flow > i { align-self:center; color:var(--cmu-red); font-style:normal; font-size:26px; }
.pspp-flow span { color:var(--cmu-red); font-size:10px; font-weight:800; letter-spacing:.12em; }
.pspp-flow strong { font-family:var(--serif); font-size:25px; }
.pspp-flow small { color:#6d6e71; line-height:1.45; }
.intelligence-loop { padding:28px 30px 24px; background:#101012; color:#fff; }
.loop-title { font-size:10px; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:.12em; color:#8d8d91; margin-bottom:18px; }
.loop-track { display:flex; flex-wrap:wrap; align-items:center; gap:7px; }
.loop-track span { border:1px solid #45454a; padding:9px 11px; font-size:10px; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:.06em; }
.loop-track i { color:#ff6078; font-style:normal; }
.loop-track .loop-core { background:rgba(196,18,48,.16); border-color:var(--cmu-red); color:#fff; font-weight:800; }
.loop-return { color:#727277; margin-top:17px; font-size:10px; letter-spacing:.05em; }
.constraint-band { display:flex; justify-content:center; align-items:center; gap:16px; padding:18px 22px; background:#e7e6e2; color:#55565a; font-size:10px; font-weight:800; letter-spacing:.11em; }
.constraint-band i { color:var(--cmu-red); font-style:normal; }

.ai-augmentation-section { background:#151517; color:#fff; padding:110px 0 105px; }
.ai-layout { display:grid; grid-template-columns:1.08fr .92fr; gap:90px; align-items:start; }
.ai-copy h2 { margin:0; font-family:var(--serif); font-size:clamp(43px,4vw,67px); line-height:.99; letter-spacing:-.045em; }
.ai-copy > p:not(.section-kicker) { color:#b8b8bc; font-size:16px; line-height:1.7; }
.ai-principle { border-left:4px solid var(--cmu-red); padding:17px 0 17px 20px; color:#f0f0f2 !important; }
.intelligence-map { position:relative; display:grid; grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr; gap:14px; }
.intel-node { min-height:145px; padding:18px; border:1px solid #3a3a3f; background:#1c1c1f; display:grid; align-content:start; gap:7px; }
.intel-node span { color:#ff6078; font-size:9px; font-weight:800; letter-spacing:.12em; }
.intel-node strong { font-family:var(--serif); font-size:20px; }
.intel-node small { color:#8e8e94; line-height:1.45; }
.intel-node.human { border-color:#73737a; }
.intel-node.twin { border-color:var(--cmu-red); background:rgba(196,18,48,.10); }
.intel-links { position:absolute; inset:0; pointer-events:none; display:grid; place-items:center; color:#66666b; font-size:18px; }
.intel-links span:nth-child(2), .intel-links span:nth-child(3), .intel-links span:nth-child(4) { display:none; }
.ai-lifecycle { margin-top:48px; border-top:1px solid #35353a; border-bottom:1px solid #35353a; padding:20px 0; display:flex; flex-wrap:wrap; gap:7px; align-items:center; }
.ai-lifecycle span { font-size:9px; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:.07em; color:#bdbdc1; }
.ai-lifecycle i { color:#ff6078; font-style:normal; }
.ai-questions { margin-top:28px; display:grid; grid-template-columns:repeat(5,1fr); border-top:1px solid #35353a; border-left:1px solid #35353a; }
.ai-questions div { min-height:145px; border-right:1px solid #35353a; border-bottom:1px solid #35353a; padding:17px; }
.ai-questions span { display:block; color:#ff6078; font-size:9px; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:.1em; font-weight:800; margin-bottom:14px; }
.ai-questions strong { font-size:12px; line-height:1.45; }

.dimensions-section { padding:110px 0; background:#fff; }
.dimensions-grid { display:grid; grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr); border-top:1px solid #c9c9ca; border-left:1px solid #c9c9ca; }
.dimensions-grid article { min-height:270px; padding:26px; border-right:1px solid #c9c9ca; border-bottom:1px solid #c9c9ca; display:grid; align-content:start; gap:14px; }
.dimensions-grid article > span { color:var(--cmu-red); font-size:10px; font-weight:800; letter-spacing:.12em; }
.dimensions-grid h3 { font-family:var(--serif); font-size:31px; margin:8px 0 0; }
.dimensions-grid p { color:#55565a; line-height:1.65; }
.dimensions-grid small { margin-top:auto; font-weight:800; color:#808085; letter-spacing:.1em; }
.dimensions-loop { background:#0f0f11; color:#fff; text-align:center; padding:19px; font-size:11px; font-weight:800; letter-spacing:.12em; text-transform:uppercase; }

.extensibility-note { margin-top:32px; border-left:4px solid var(--cmu-red); padding:18px 20px; background:#fff; color:#55565a; line-height:1.6; }
.extensibility-note strong { color:#111; }
.education-extension { margin-top:54px; display:grid; grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr); border-top:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.25); border-left:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.25); }
.education-extension div { min-height:120px; padding:18px; border-right:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.25); border-bottom:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.25); display:grid; gap:8px; }
.education-extension span { color:#f7a8b5; text-transform:uppercase; font-size:9px; letter-spacing:.12em; font-weight:800; }
.education-extension strong { font-size:12px; line-height:1.5; }
.translation-services { display:flex; flex-wrap:wrap; gap:8px; margin-top:28px; }
.translation-services span { border:1px solid #c8c8c9; background:#fff; padding:8px 10px; font-size:9px; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:.08em; font-weight:800; color:#55565a; }
.footer-context small { color:#5d5d62; font-size:9px; line-height:1.4; max-width:440px; }


@media (max-width:1120px) {
  .status-grid { grid-template-columns:1fr; }
  .status-grid > div { border-right:0; border-bottom:1px solid #dedede; margin-right:0; min-height:0; padding:20px 0; }
  .pspp-flow { grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr; }
  .pspp-flow > i { display:none; }
  .pspp-flow > div { border-bottom:1px solid #ddd; }
  .ai-layout { grid-template-columns:1fr; }
  .ai-questions { grid-template-columns:repeat(2,1fr); }
  .dimensions-grid { grid-template-columns:1fr; }
  .education-extension { grid-template-columns:1fr; }
}
@media (max-width:860px) {
  .pspp-flow { grid-template-columns:1fr; }
  .constraint-band { justify-content:flex-start; flex-wrap:wrap; }
  .intelligence-map { grid-template-columns:1fr; }
  .ai-questions { grid-template-columns:1fr; }
  .ai-lifecycle { display:grid; grid-template-columns:1fr; }
  .ai-lifecycle i { transform:rotate(90deg); width:max-content; }
}

/* V2.2 — on-demand scientific figures; preserves the V2 page layout */
.figure-detail-link{appearance:none;border:0;background:transparent;padding:0;margin:.8rem 0 0;color:#c41230;font:inherit;font-weight:750;font-size:.88rem;line-height:1.4;cursor:pointer;text-align:left}
.figure-detail-link:hover{text-decoration:underline;text-underline-offset:3px}
.figure-detail-link:focus-visible{outline:2px solid #c41230;outline-offset:4px;border-radius:2px}
.figure-detail-link-light{color:#fff;text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-color:rgba(255,255,255,.45);text-underline-offset:4px}
.figure-detail-link-light:hover{text-decoration-color:#fff}
.status-detail-link{font-size:.75rem;margin-top:.5rem;display:block}
.figure-modal[hidden]{display:none}
.figure-modal{position:fixed;inset:0;z-index:9999;display:grid;place-items:center;padding:24px}
.figure-modal-backdrop{position:absolute;inset:0;background:rgba(0,0,0,.88);backdrop-filter:blur(8px)}
.figure-modal-panel{position:relative;width:min(1500px,96vw);max-height:94vh;background:#111;border:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.18);box-shadow:0 36px 100px rgba(0,0,0,.6);display:flex;flex-direction:column}
.figure-modal-header{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;gap:24px;align-items:center;color:#fff;padding:14px 16px;border-bottom:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.15)}
.figure-modal-header strong{font-size:.9rem;letter-spacing:.03em}
.figure-modal-close{border:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.28);background:transparent;color:#fff;padding:8px 10px;cursor:pointer}
.figure-modal-close:focus-visible{outline:2px solid #fff;outline-offset:3px}
.figure-modal-canvas{overflow:auto;background:#222;min-height:0}
.figure-modal-canvas img{display:block;width:1536px;max-width:none;height:auto;margin:0 auto;background:#fff}
.figure-modal-help{margin:0;padding:10px 16px;color:rgba(255,255,255,.65);font-size:.8rem;line-height:1.45}
body.figure-modal-open{overflow:hidden}
@media (max-width:900px){.figure-modal{padding:8px}.figure-modal-panel{width:100%;max-height:97vh}.figure-modal-canvas img{width:1200px}}
/* Keep the original V2 Material-Process heading copy behavior after adding its on-demand link. */
.section-heading-row > div:nth-child(2) > p{margin:0 0 5px;color:#99999f;font-size:17px;line-height:1.7;max-width:600px}
.section-heading-row.dark-text > div:nth-child(2) > p{color:#55565a}

/* === V3.0 — final site: links, people, contact, mobile fixes === */
.cmu-wordmark:hover .cmu-mark { background:#e0173a; }
.status-grid strong a { border-bottom:1px solid transparent; transition:border-color .2s; }
.status-grid strong a:hover { border-color:var(--cmu-red); }
.inline-link { color:#168a7a; border-bottom:1px solid rgba(22,138,122,.4); }
.project-copy .project-link { margin-top:12px; font-size:12px; font-weight:800; }
.figure-modal-tools { display:flex; align-items:center; gap:14px; }
.figure-modal-tools a { color:rgba(255,255,255,.75); font-size:.8rem; }
.figure-modal-tools a:hover { color:#fff; }
.figure-modal-tools a[hidden] { display:none; }

.people-section { padding:110px 0; background:var(--paper); }
.people-grid { display:grid; grid-template-columns:1.35fr .65fr; gap:20px; }
.person-card { background:#fff; border:1px solid #d1d1d1; padding:30px; }
.person-card span { color:var(--cmu-red); font-size:10px; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:.12em; font-weight:800; }
.person-card h3 { font-family:var(--serif); font-size:34px; line-height:1.05; letter-spacing:-.03em; margin:10px 0 12px; }
.person-card p { color:#55565a; line-height:1.7; margin:0 0 12px; }
.person-card a { color:var(--cmu-red); font-size:12px; font-weight:800; }
.person-lead { display:grid; grid-template-columns:120px 1fr; gap:30px; border-top:5px solid var(--cmu-red); }
.person-monogram { width:120px; height:120px; background:var(--near-black); color:#fff; display:grid; place-items:center; font-family:var(--serif); font-size:44px; font-weight:700; letter-spacing:-.04em; box-shadow:inset 0 -6px 0 var(--cmu-red); }
.person-role { font-size:13px; font-weight:700; color:#222 !important; }
.person-join { background:var(--near-black); border-color:var(--near-black); color:#fff; display:flex; flex-direction:column; }
.person-join span { color:#ff6078; }
.person-join p { color:#a8a8ad; }
.person-join a { color:#ff6078; margin-top:auto; }

.contact-block { margin-top:70px; border-top:1px solid #343438; padding-top:34px; display:grid; grid-template-columns:1fr auto; gap:40px; align-items:end; }
.contact-block > div > span { display:block; color:#ff6078; font-size:10px; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:.1em; font-weight:800; margin-bottom:10px; }
.contact-block strong { font-family:var(--serif); font-size:26px; }
.contact-block address { font-style:normal; color:#99999f; line-height:1.7; margin-top:10px; font-size:14px; }
.contact-actions { display:flex; align-items:center; gap:24px; flex-wrap:wrap; }
.contact-actions [hidden] { display:none; }
.footer-bottom a { color:#8c8c91; }
.footer-bottom a:hover { color:#fff; }

h1, h2, h3 { overflow-wrap:break-word; }

@media (max-width:860px) {
  .people-grid { grid-template-columns:1fr; }
  .contact-block { grid-template-columns:1fr; }
}
@media (max-width:560px) {
  .split-intro h2, .section-heading-row h2, .education-copy h2, .translation-title-row h2, .energy-layout h2, .evidence-intro h2, .collaboration-layout h2, .ai-copy h2 { font-size:36px; }
  .energy-layout { grid-template-columns:1fr; gap:24px; }
  .energy-copy { grid-column:auto; padding-top:0; }
  .person-lead { grid-template-columns:1fr; }
  .person-monogram { width:84px; height:84px; font-size:32px; }
  .person-card { padding:24px; }
  .person-card h3 { font-size:28px; }
  .figure-modal-help { display:none; }
}

/* Keep the figure viewer inside the viewport; the wide image scrolls inside the canvas. */
.figure-modal { grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr); }
.figure-modal-panel, .figure-modal-canvas { min-width:0; max-width:100%; justify-self:center; }